炆何首乌饮片中蒽醌糖苷类成分变化与减毒效应

目的 揭示炆法炮制特点,并从蒽醌糖苷类成分的变化探讨炆何首乌饮片的减毒效果。方法 采用HPLC进行何首乌药材、炆何首乌饮片、制何首乌饮片的指纹图谱及含量测定研究,并通过SPSS 19.0软件对含量测定结果进行聚类分析;同时采用LC-MS分析何首乌炆制前后化学成分的变化情况。结果 首次发现何首乌经过炆制会出现大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、决明酮-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、大黄素-8-O-丙二酰-吡喃葡萄糖苷、大黄素甲醚-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷4个蒽醌糖苷类成分的显著性消失。结合制何首乌实验数据,推测由于制何首乌炮制时间较短,结合蒽醌只是部分水解成游离蒽醌,但炆制时间过长,使得蒽醌糖苷类成分糖苷键断裂,因此结合蒽醌与总蒽醌的比值从89.4%减少到51.9%,存在化学成分显著性变化。结论 何首乌经炆制,使得结合蒽醌水解为游离蒽醌,从而使毒性更低。     

紫云英苷对膝关节骨性关节炎大鼠JNK/p38MAPK信号通路的影响

目的 探究紫云英苷对膝关节骨性关节炎（KOA）大鼠的保护作用以及对JNK/p38MAPK信号通路的影响。方法 90只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、塞来昔布组（18 mg/kg）、紫云英苷低（25 mg/kg）、中（50 mg/kg）、高（100 mg/kg）剂量组,每组15只。改良Huith法建立KOA模型,术后灌胃6周。游标卡尺测量大鼠膝关节直径,足趾容积仪测量大鼠足趾容积;ELISA法检测血清IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平;HE染色观察膝关节软骨组织病理变化;ELISA法检测软骨组织TGF-β1、MMP-3水平;Western Blot法检测p-JNK、JNK、p-p38MAPK、p38MAPK蛋白表达。结果 与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠软骨组织表面被破坏,组织层变薄,细胞数量减少且排列紊乱,潮线被大量破坏;膝关节直径与足趾容积明显变大（P＜0.05）;血清中IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平以及软骨组织中TGF-β1、MMP-3水平,p-JNK/JNK、p-38MAPK/p38MAPK比值显著升高（P＜0.05）。与模型组比较,塞来昔布组与紫云英苷各剂量组软骨组织病变明显减轻;膝关节直径与足趾容积明显缩小（P＜0.05）;血清中IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平以及软骨组织中TGF-β1、MMP-3水平,p-JNK/JNK、p-38MAPK/p38MAPK比值显著降低（P＜0.05）,且紫云英苷各剂量组间具有剂量效应（P＜0.05）;紫云英苷高剂量组与塞来昔布组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 紫云英苷可能通过抑制JNK/p38MAPK信号通路激活,减轻炎症反应,改善KOA大鼠膝关节软骨组织损伤。     

HPLC法同时测定苁蓉总苷胶囊中松果菊苷、毛蕊花糖苷、异毛蕊花糖苷的含量

目的：建立同时测定苁蓉总苷胶囊中松果菊苷、毛蕊花糖苷、异毛蕊花糖苷三种成分含量的HPLC法。方法：Waters C18色谱柱（4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm）,流动相：甲醇-0.1%甲酸溶液梯度洗脱;流速：1.0 mL·min-1;检测波长：330 nm;柱温30 ℃。结果：松果菊苷、毛蕊花糖苷、异毛蕊花糖苷分别在27.792-277.92 μg·mL-1 （r=0.999 6,n=6）,2.418 4-24.184 μg·mL-1 （r=0.999 6,n=6）,5.106-51.06 μg·mL-1 （r=0.999 8,n=6）范围内呈良好的线性关系,加样回收率均符合含量测定要求。结论：该方法简便、准确,可以用于苁蓉总苷胶囊中松果菊苷、毛蕊花糖苷、异毛蕊花糖苷三个成分的含量测定。     

肉苁蓉总苷对家兔失血性休克/再灌注损伤的治疗效应

目的 :研究肉苁蓉总苷 (glycosidesofcistanche ,GC)对家兔失血性休克 /再灌注 (hemorrhagicshock/reperfusion ,S/R)损伤的治疗作用。方法 :应用家兔S/R模型 ,观察血浆中过氧化脂质 (LPO)含量、丙二醛 (MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和血栓素A2 (TXA2 )、前列环素 (PGI2 )代谢产物的浓度以及GC对上述指标的影响。结果 :与假手术组比较 ,S/R组LPO、MDA、TXB2 明显升高 ,SOD、6-酮 -PGF1α明显降低 ,GC可逆转上述指标的变化。结论 :GC对S/R损伤有治疗作用。     

雷公藤多甙联合糖皮质激素治疗肾病综合征效果观察

目的：研究雷公藤多甙联合糖皮质激素对肾病综合征患者的疗效及安全性。方法将40例肾病综合征患者随机分为研究组和对照组,每组20例,均给予常规治疗。研究组在此基础上,予以雷公藤多甙片联合泼尼松治疗;对照组给予泼尼松治疗。治疗前与治疗后3、6、12个月,观查患者血压、尿常规、24 h尿蛋白、血肌酐、尿素氮、血浆白蛋白、肝功能、血常规、不良反应等情况,并判断疗效。结果治疗3个月后,与对照组比较,研究组Scr、BUN、24 h尿蛋白下降,血浆白蛋白上升,差异有统计学意义(P<0．05)。研究组治疗总有效率为85．00%,显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4．285,P=0．038)。随访12个月,研究组复发率为11．80%,明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4．043,P=0．044)。研究组不良反应发生率为10．00%,显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4．800,P=0．028)。结论雷公藤多甙联合糖皮质激素治疗具有改善肾病综合征患者临床症状,减少复发,副作用少的特点。     

扶芳藤药材质量标准研究

建立扶芳藤药材质量标准,为控制该药材的质量提供实验依据。采用经验、显微鉴别法对该药材性状、显微特征进行描述;参照2010年版《中国药典》附录相关方法,对该药材水分、总灰分、酸不溶性灰分、醇溶性浸出物进行测定;采用薄层色谱法,分别以卫矛醇和对照药材为对照,对该药材进行定性鉴别;在成分分布和组成分析的基础上,以苷元槲皮素和山柰素为指标,通过系统的方法学考察,建立了药材总黄酮醇苷的含量测定方法。含量测定方法采用C₁₈色谱柱(4.6 mm × 250 mm,5 μm),以甲醇-0.1%甲酸溶液(51:49)为流动相,在366 nm波长下对槲皮素和山柰素进行定量分析,再根据换算系数计算总黄酮醇苷的含量。该药材性状、显微、薄层鉴别方法具有较强的专属性,水分平均为8.76%,总灰分平均为6.48%,酸不溶性灰分平均为0.31%,醇溶性浸出物平均为17.48%,总黄酮醇苷含量平均为0.211%。根据实验结果建立了扶芳藤药材质量标准,所建立的质量标准可用于扶芳藤药材的质量控制。     

珍珠菜中黄酮苷类成分研究

研究珍珠菜Lysimachia clethroides的黄酮苷类成分。珍珠菜乙醇提取物经硅胶、Sephadex LH-20和Pre-HPLC等色谱技术分离纯化,通过质谱和核磁共振等波谱学方法鉴定化合物的结构。从珍珠菜中分离得到11个黄酮苷类化合物,分别鉴定为紫云英苷(1),异槲皮苷(2),异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-6"-乙酰基吡喃葡萄糖苷(4),槲皮素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5),江户樱花苷(6),2-羟基-柚皮素-5-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(7),山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷(8),山柰酚-3-O-洋槐糖苷(9),芦丁(10),山柰酚-3,7-二-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(11)。化合物4, 7和11为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物3 、 5和9为首次从该种植物中分离得到。体外活性测试结果显示化合物2, 6, 8具有一定的醛糖还原酶抑制活性,IC₅₀分别为2.69,1.00,1.80 μmol·L^-1;化合物1 ~ 11对5种人肿瘤细胞均没有明显的细胞毒活性(IC₅₀ > 10 μmol·L^-1)。     

The anti-arthritic activity of total glycosides from Pterocephalus hookeri,a traditional Tibetan herbal medicine

Context: Pterocephalus hookeri (C. B. Clarke) Hock., a traditional Tibetan herbal medicine rich in glycosides, has been used to treat several diseases including rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective: To evaluate the anti-arthritic activity of total glycosides from P. hookeri, and its possible mechanisms of action.

Materials and methods: Anti-arthritic activity of total glycosides from P. hookeri (oral administration for 30 days at 14–56?mg/kg) was evaluated using paw swelling, arthritis scores and histopathological measurement in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) Sprague-Dawley rats. The NF-κB p65 expression in synovial tissues, and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels was measured in AA rats, respectively. Further assessment of anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of these glycosides were carried out using inflammation and hyperalgesia models induced by xylene, carrageenan, agar and acetic acid, respectively.

Results: Total glycosides (56?mg/kg) decreased the paw swelling (38.0%, p?p?p?p?p?p?p?Discussion and conclusion: Our findings confirmed the anti-arthritic property of the total glycosides from P. hookeri, which may be attributed to its inhibition on NF-κB signalling and oxidative stress.     

Protective effects of iridoid glycosides on acute colitis via inhibition of the inflammatory response mediated by the STAT3/NF-кB pathway

Morroniside and loganin are iridoid glycosides extracted from Cornus officinalis, a plant species widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of morroniside and loganin in colitis are barely understood. The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of morroniside and loganin on the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced murine model of colitis and an LPS-induced colorectal cancer (CRC) cell inflammation model, and to clarify the underlying mechanisms. We found that morroniside and loganin were able to ameliorate clinical features, including disease activity index (DAI), histological inflammation score and periodic acid-Schiff staining (PAS). In the mouse model, morroniside and loganin treatment increased expression of tight junction proteins (TJs) and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Moreover, our findings showed that the expression of p-STAT3 and p-p65 were suppressed compared to the disease group. In in vitro experiments, treatment with morroniside and loganin had no obvious effects on proliferative activity in HCT116 cells and HIEC-6 cells. Expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was inhibited by morroniside and loganin treatment in comparison with the LPS-treated group. Taken together, morroniside and loganin have beneficial effects on colitis in vivo and are anti-inflammatory in vitro. Possible mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory response may include blockade of the STAT3/NF-κB pathway.     

Benefits and Safety of Tripterygium Glycosides and Total Glucosides of Paeony for Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Overview of Systematic Reviews

Objective: To summarize the evidence from systematic reviews (SRs) on the benefits and safety of Tripterygium glycosides (TG) and total glucosides of paeony (TGP), commonly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in China, for patients with RA. Methods: SRs of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on TG or TGP in treating RA were included, by searching 8 databases from their inception until December 2017. Two authors extracted data independently. We assessed the quality of SRs using AMSTAR and graded the quality of evidence according to the GRADE approach. Results: Eleven SRs containing an average of 7.6 RCTs, involving a total of 7,012 participants were included in this overview. On the basis of included SRs, TG and TGP could improve the following indexes for RA patients: American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 20 response rate, ACR50 response rate and ACR70 response rate, swollen joint count, tender joint count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein. Moreover, TGP could reduce incidence of hepatotoxicity. The most common adverse effects of TG were gastrointestinal discomfort and gonad toxicity, while for TGP was mild to moderate diarrhea. The overall quality of evidence for these findings ranged from "low" to "moderate". Conclusions: TG and TGP might be 2 potentially effective complementary and alternative drugs for patients with RA. Nevertheless, due to gonad toxicity, TG should only be considered in elderly patients or patients without reproductive needs. More evidence from high quality RCTs and SRs is warranted to support the use of TG and TGP for RA patients.